One or two jets Pelton will get a horizontal shaft,
else the shaft will be vertical

Five jets

Two jets

Kaplan turbines are designed
with a steel plate spiral case.
Image shows main turbine properties
and a prototype for the Kaplan turbine.

The bulb turbine is by default horizontal,
but it may be rotated and get a draft tube bend.

Principally all Francis turbines
may pump if speed is reversed.
Pumping performance is available
as characteristic diagrams.
In case of dynamic operation all four quadrants
is taken into concideration.